Memory lapses occur more often as you age. Beginning in your 20s, the brain begins to lose cells slowly over time. The body also gradually produces less of the chemicals that enable the brain to function efficiently.
Aging may affect memory in different ways. It may modify the way the brain processes memories and it may be harder to remember stored information.
Composition of Memory
Memory is made up of three different parts:
- Short-term memory - remembering the name of someone you just met
- Recent memory - remembering what you had for lunch
- Remote or long-term memory - remembering your first grade teacher
Short-term and remote memories are not usually affected by the aging process. Recent memory can be affected and you may have more trouble remembering to pick up something at the grocery after work. This is not normally of concern and is considered a normal part of aging.
Memory Problems Not Part of Normal Aging
Scientists know that most people retain most of their cognitive abilities as they age, though it may take them longer recalling things.
The following memory problems are not part of normal aging and should be addressed with your doctor:
- When memory lapses start affecting your daily ability to live life
- Increased frequency of forgetting things
- Not remembering how to do things you have done many times before
- Not being able to learn new things
- Trouble making decisions or handling your money
- Not remembering what has happened throughout a day
- Repeating stories or phrases during one conversation
Causes of Memory Problems
In addition to aging, there are numerous causes for memory problems, some reversible and some not. These include:
- Dementia (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia)
- Other illnesses
- Depression
- Side effects of drugs
- Strokes
- Head injuries
- Alcoholism
Dementia
Dementia is the organic or functional decline in cognitive ability. It can take the form of Alzheimer's disease or multi-infarct dementia. Neither is a normal part of aging.
With Alzheimer's disease, nerve cells die in the brain and symptoms develop slowly over time. They range from mild forgetfulness to serious impairments in thinking, judgment and the ability to perform activities of daily living.
Multi-infarct dementia occurs more rapidly with a series of strokes or changes in the brain's blood supply, causing destruction of brain tissue. Symptoms usually begin abruptly and progress faster.
There is no cure for either Alzheimer's disease or multi-infarct dementia. Treatments may help slow the progress of symptoms or treat other conditions that may help prevent further damage.
The vast majority of people do not have memory problems related to dementia.
Ways to Improve and Maintain Memory
Life-style changes are the most effective means to help your memory. The following is a list of suggestions:
- Stay interested in life and develop stimulating hobbies
- Read and learn new things and challenge your mind
- Engage in a regular exercise routine with both aerobics and strength building exercises
- Maintain a healthy and balanced diet
- Limit the use of alcoholic beverages
- Lower the level of stress in your life and deal with sources of depression and anxiety
Aging is the major cause of memory loss, but maintaining and improving memory is quite attainable for most people. The following statement appears to be true, "Use it or lose it."
Resources
National Institute of Mental Health
